Flag Days: The History of One Regiment’s Battle Flags

by Laurie Snyder

Cared for by archivists of the Pennsylvania Capitol Preservation Committee in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, the two battle flags that were carried by the 47th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry during its tenure of service in the American Civil War were known as the First and Second State Colors.

First State Color

The First State Color of the 47th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry was presented to the regiment by Pennsylvania Governor Andrew Curtin on September 20, 1861, and was officially retired on May 11, 1865 (source: Pennsylvania Capitol Preservation Committee, 1985.057, Evans and Hassall, v1p126).

Presented to the regiment by Pennsylvania Governor Andrew Gregg Curtin in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania on September 20, 1861, the First State Color of the 47th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry was manufactured by Evans and Hassall of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. According to September 17, 1861 edition of The Philadelphia Inquirer newspaper:

Under an act of the Legislature, passed during the extra session of 1861, the Governor of the State was authorized to purchase stands of colors for the several regiments of Pennsylvania. — Twelve of these have been completed, marked with the appropriate numbers of the regiments, and sent to Gov. Curtin. We have been shown one of these new standards. It bore upon it the Stars and Stripes, with the coat of Arms of Pennsylvania exquisitely painted on the blue field, and surrounded by the thirty-four Stars. On the central stripe the number of the regiment was emblazoned. The material is rich, heavy and lustrous silk. The sunlight never flashed on a more beautiful ensign…. The trimmings of the flags are very handsome. The work was completed by Messrs. Evans & Hassall, No. 51 S. Fourth Street.

The First State Color was the battle flag that was initially cared for and carried by the 47th Pennsylvania’s first color bearer, Sergeant Benjamin Walls, as the regiment took part in multiple military engagements, including the:

The First State Color was then carried by Sergeant William Pyers in subsequent military engagements, including the:

Subsequently carried by a third regimental color bearer, the First State Color was also the flag carried by the regiment during the 47th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry’s defense of Washington, D.C., following the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln (beginning mid-April 1865 and lasting until the First State Color was officially retired on 11 May 1865).

Second State Color

Second State Color, 47th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, presented to the regiment on March 7, 1865, this battle flag documents the regiment’s major engagements (source: Pennsylvania Capitol Preservation Committee, 1985.058, Horstmann Brothers and Company, v1p127).

The Second State Color of the 47th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry was the battle flag that was carried by the regiment’s color-bearer as the 47th Pennsylvania marched through the streets of Washington, D.C. during the Grand Review of the National Armies on May 23, 1865, and as it marched into Savannah, Georgia in early June 1865 and into Charleston, South Carolina in July of that same year (while stationed in both cities on provost duty during the Reconstruction Era).

Presented to Captain Daniel Oyster on March 7, 1865, the commanding officer of the 47th Pennsylvania’s C Company (the regiment’s color guard unit), while Captain Oyster was at home in Sunbury, Pennsylvania on a thirty-day military furlough (after having been wounded in action twice during Sheridan’s 1864 Shenandoah Valley Campaign), it had been shipped to Sunbury in February by its manufacturer, Horstmann Brothers & Company of Philadelphia. According to archivists at the American History Museum in Washington, D.C.:

“William Hortsmann [sic, “Horstmann”], born in Germany, emigrated to the United States and established himself as a maker of fringe, laces, and trimmings in Philadelphia, in 1815. William Horstmann & Sons were located at North Third Street between 1830 and 1857, manufacturing and importing everything from textiles and trimmings to military goods including drums, pistols, and swords. As the company expanded, Horstmann & Sons moved the factory to 5th and Cherry Streets and their storefront to 2223 Chestnut Street. Later the company would grow to two stores in New York and an agency in Paris. William Horstmann retired from the company in 1845, and his sons, William and Sigmund continued the family business until 1872.”

Sources:

  1. “47th Infantry,” in “Pennsylvania Civil War Battle Flags.” Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Capitol Preservation Committee, retrieved online June 3, 2026.
  2. “A Handsome Flag.” Sunbury, Pennsylvania: The Sunbury American, March 11, 1865.
  3. Bates, Samuel P., in History of Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861-5, vol. 1. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: B. Singerly, State Printer, 1869.
  4. “Flags for Pennsylvania Regiments.” Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: The Philadelphia Inquirer, September 17, 1861.
  5. “Historical Listing of Pennsylvania Civil War Color Bearers,” in “Pennsylvania Civil War Battle Flags.” Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Capitol Preservation Committee, retrieved online June 3, 2026.
  6. “Horstmann Brothers & Co. Military Trumpet.” Washington, D.C.: American History Museum, Smithsonian Institute, retrieved online June 3, 2026.
  7. Schmidt, Lewis G. A Civil War History of the 47th Regiment of Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers. Allentown, Pennsylvania: Self-published, 1986.
  8. “The History of the Forty-Seventh Regt. P. V.” Allentown, Pennsylvania: The Lehigh Register, July 20, 1870.

 

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