At the conclusion of part one of this biographical sketch of the Gackenbach family, Jane E. (Keiper) Gackenbach had been widowed by 47th Pennsylvania veteran Daniel H. Gackenbach. Part two, which begins below, recounts the details of her life as a widow, as well as details of the lives of the children she bore with Daniel and the lives of the children that Daniel Gackenbach had welcomed with his first wife, Sarah (Mohry/Morey/Mowry) Gackenbach, who had widowed him in May of 1870.

 

Following the death of her husband in 1909, Jane E. (Keiper) Gackenbach continued to reside on the family farm in Orefield, North Whitehall Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania as her husband’s final will was read and entered probate, the latter of which occurred on 16 August 1909. That will, which stipulated that Daniel Gackenbach’s sons, William and Howard, would serve as executors of his estate, awarded “her thirds” of her husband’s estate to her — only after a long list of bills had been paid — and only after Daniel Gackenbach’s farmland, farming equipment, farmhouse, and a significant portion of household items were sold to raise money to be distributed among Daniel’s heirs.

As a result of that will’s provisions, she was required to oversee the sale, on 18 September 1909, of multiple items of personal property that had been owned by, or jointly with, her husband. According to Allentown’s Morning Call newspaper, that sale took place at their home “in North Whitehall Township, Lehigh Co., near Siegersville and ten minutes’ walk to the Allentown and Slatington trolley,” and included: “1 dark bar horse fearless of automobiles or electric cars, any lady can drive, 1 nice shoat, 1 grandfather’s clock, 24 hours, 1 ice saw anvil, bellow, 1 Fairbanks scale, complete outfit of carpenter’s and blacksmith tools, 2 cross cut saws, 1 scalding trough, 1 top buggy, 1 spring wagon, 1 wheel-barrow, 1 extension ladder, horse power and jack, 1 circular saw, and many other articles too numerous to mention.”

Also happening that same day, at the same location, according to multiple advertisements published in northeastern Pennsylvania newspapers during the summer of 1909, was the sale by the executors of her husband’s estate of buildings and the land where they were located — land that was “situate in the township of North Whitehall, Lehigh Co., adjoining lands of Lewis Sieger, Peter Ruch, John Reinert, Adam Hauser, George Ross, David Hausman, Thomas Iron Co. and others, containing 108 acres more or less.”

The improvements thereon consist of a two story stone double dwelling house with summer house attached, a large stone and frame bank barn, with horse power shed attached, 3 large frame wagon sheds, a frame hog stable, smoke house, ground celler [sic, “cellar”], corn crib and all necessary outbuildings, 5 acres there of is good wood land, well covered with heavy timber, 1 acre is apple orchard, with a choice variety of fruit trees, two acres thereof is meadow land, the balance is good farm land, under good cultivation and fences. There is a nice spring of never failing water on the premises of which the water flows through the pipes to the house and barn. There are indications of large deposits of iron ore on the premises, as a shaft of 100 feet has been dug to the ore and is well braced with timber.

The buildings are in good repair and the Ironton Railroad runs through the premises. It being the real estate of Daniel H. Gackenbach, late of North Whitehall Township, deceased. Conditions will be made known on the day of sale by

WILLIAM GACKENBACH, HOWARD GACKENBACH, Executors.
S. WALTER SNYDER, Auctioneer. HENRY D. Gross, Clerk.

When the final business transactions were completed, the executors of Daniel Gackenbach’s estate announced that Thomas L. Scherer had purchased Daniel’s farm of more than one hundred acres for fifty-seven dollars and fifty cents per acre. (Scherer would later move his family to Schnecksville in Lehigh County in March 1917, enabling him to rent out one hundred and four-acres formerly owned by Daniel Gackenbach to tenant farmer Menno Rex, who had previously been the tenant farmer on land owned by Phaon Wenner near Orefield’s Jordan Lutheran Church. Three years later, on 18 March 1920, Menno Rex published a newspaper advertisement announcing a large public sale of farm stock “on the premises of Thomas L. Scherer, in North Whitehall township, Lehigh county, near Siegersville, 10 minutes walk from the Slatington trolley.” That event resulted in the sale of: six horses, including one that was “safe for any lady to drive”; two Jersey cows, four heifers, and eleven shoats, as well as wagons, buggies, sleighs, and multiple pieces of farm equipment.)

A year later, when the 1910 federal census was taken, Jane E. (Keiper) Gackenbach, was documented as an unemployed resident of North Whitehall Township in Lehigh County, who was living in a rented home with three of her unmarried daughters: Maggie, who was thirty-five years old and unemployed; Minnie, a thirty-three-year-old dressmaker who worked in a “home shop”; and twenty-one-year-old Annie, who was also unemployed.

By 1920, however, Jane was living in a home at 612 North Tenth Street in the city of Allentown — a home that she had purchased with the help of a mortgage. Residing with her in January of that year were her children: Maggie, who was forty-eight years old, still single and still unemployed; forty-two-year-old Minnie, who was also still single, but employed as a dressmaker by a private family; forty-year-old Kate, who was also still single, but employed as a warper at a silk mill; and thirty-one-year-old public school teacher Anna (Gackenbach) Hawk and her husband, George S. Hawk, who worked as a draftsman for an electric company.

That same year, on 18 August 1920, Jane (Keiper) Gackenbach and her daughters were granted the right to vote when the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution was officially ratified.

By 1930, Jane (Keiper) Gackenbach had become the owner of her own home, which was still located at 612 North Tenth Street in Allentown, was valued at sixty-five hundred dollars and included a “radio set,” according to that year’s federal census enumerator. Still living with her were her unmarried daughters, Maggie and Minnie Gackenbach, and her daughter and son-in-law, Anna (Gackenbach) Hawk and George S. Hawk. The only person who was employed that year, however, was George Hawk, who was working as a clerk for a light company.

The presence of a radio set in Jane (Keiper) Gackenbach’s home that year (1930) and the employment status of her children are important data points which show that she and her family likely listened to the radio broadcasts of U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt as they weathered the stormy times of the Great Depression. (For her daughters, those radio broadcasts would later include President Roosevelt’s famous “fireside chats” — as the fallout from the financial collapse persisted into the 1940s.)

But Jane E. (Keiper) Gackenbach’s time was coming to an end. Ailing with heart disease during her final years, she suffered a cerebral hemorrhage on 15 March 1932, and died at her Tenth Street home in Allentown on 16 April of that same year. Following funeral services, she was then laid to rest at the Jordan Lutheran Cemetery in Orefield, Lehigh County.

What Happened to Daniel H. Gackenbach’s Children?

Following his marriage to Amelia Wotring on 14 January 1886, Daniel and Sarah Gackenbach’s first-born child, Charles A. Gackenbach, settled with his own wife, Amelia, in North Whitehall Township, where he welcomed the birth with her of Wayne A. Gackenbach (1888-1913), who was born on 18 March 1888. Initially involved in purchasing and logging several wooded tracts of land, Charles A. Gackenbach then took up farming on land that was located near Kernsville in Lehigh County. As his farming operation grew, he launched his own produce sales route in the city of Allentown, which enabled him to distribute his vegetables through wholesale and retail markets. Widowed by his wife, Amelia, when she passed away at the age of forty-three at their home near Kernsville, on 14 February 1904, he then married Rosa Amanda Arner (1866-1930) on 25 October 1906. He then continue to grow his farming and produce distribution business, which he operated for roughly half a century. Ailing with heart disease and acute bronchitis during the final years of his life, Charles A. Gackenbach died at the age of eighty-seven at his home in Kernsville, on 6 March 1947, and was buried at the Jordan Lutheran Cemetery in Orefield.

Following his marriage in 1882 to Alice Wagner, a native of Friedensburg in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, Daniel and Sarah Gackenbach’s son, Richard C. Gackenbach, relocated with her, in 1883, to the town of Bath in Sagadahoc County, Maine, where he had accepted a job as superintending engineer of the Knickerbocker Steam Towage Company, where he would remain into the first years of the twentieth century. Together, he and his wife welcomed the births of: Merritt C. Gackenbach (1883-1946), who was born on 24 September 1883, later wed Edith L. Greenleaf and succeeded his father as foreman of the Outside Machinists Department at Bath Iron Works, during which time he became “regarded in the shipbuilding field as one of the top men in the profession,” according to the Portland Press Herald; Helen F. Gackenbach (1889-1941), who was born in July 1889 and later became a bookkeeper, but never married; Alice M. Gackenbach (1890-1966), who was born on 18 November 1890 and later wed Richard Frates; and Laura Mae Gackenbach (1892-1956), who was born on 29 November 1892 and later became a registered nurse who worked in Brooklyn, New York, but never married.

Documented as a machinist by a federal census enumerator after the turn of the century, Richard Gackenbach briefly returned to Pennsylvania’s Lehigh Valley, where he visited with his father in Orefield in late June of 1902. According to The Allentown Leader, they had not seen each other for seventeen years. Richard then returned to his home and job in Maine. Four years later, he was hired by Bath Iron Works, Ltd. as foreman of its Outside Machinists Department. According to The Bath Daily Times, he began work there while the company “was engaged in building the battleship Georgia…. It was on this ship that he made his first trial trip with full responsibility for the vessel’s perfection in machinery.” Widowed by his wife, Alice, when she passed away at their home in Bath on 23 October 1929 (after a long illness), he continued to work for Bath Iron until health issues forced him to retire circa 1941. Sadly, he suffered a severe fall on the interior steps of his home in Bath in mid-August 1943 and died there two weeks later, at the age of eighty, on 14 August. Following funeral services at the Curtis Funeral Home, he was laid to rest in the Gackenbach family plot at the Oak Grove Cemetery in Bath.

Following her marriage to farmer Isaac Levan, Daniel and Sarah’s daughter, Elenora Gackenbach (1866-1935), settled with her husband in Orefield, where she welcomed the births of: Beulah M. Levan (1888-1923), who was born on 3 April 1888 and later wed George Enoch Phillips (1886-1955); Carrie C. Levan (1889-1975), who was born in June 1889 and later wed Frank W. Steich (1869-1942); Alice A. Levan (1894-1920), who was born in February 1894 and later wed Ellwood Wolf (1892-1972), but died in Allentown at the age of twenty-six; Jessie Daniel Levan (1896-1896), a son who lived just two months and eighteen days and died on 1 September 1896; and Allen Joseph Levan (1906-1998), who was born on 29 April 1906 and later wed Lurene E. Merkel (1912-1999). Known to family and friends as “Nora” and ailing with cancer during her final years, Elenora (Gackenbach) Levan died from cancer-related complications at her home in Orefield on 16 June 1935, and was laid to rest at the Greenwood Cemetery in Allentown.

Following his marriage to Kate E. Jacobs in 1893, Daniel and Sarah’s son, Howard E. Gackenbach (1867-1950), settled with her in New Tripoli, Lehigh County, where he established his own tinsmith business. Together, he and his wife welcomed the New Tripoli births of: Larie Sarah Gackenbach (1894-1967), who was born in September 1894 and later wed William Matthew Manney (1894-1963) and migrated west with him to the city of Dayton in Montgomery County, Ohio; Leah M. Gackenbach (1901-1982), who was born on 11 November 1901, became a telephone company operator and later wed John George Baer (1901-1962) and settled with him in Allentown; and Ezra Mervin Gackenbach (1903-1984), who was born on 23 February 1903 and later wed Lucinda Clara Gehman (1902-1983). Sometime before April 1930, Howard Gackenbach moved his wife and tinsmith business to the town of Schnecksville in Lehigh County, where he continued to live out his days with her. Ailing with heart disease during the final years of his life, he died at the age of eighty-two at his home in Schnecksville on 19 March 1950, and was also subsequently buried at Orefield’s Jordan Lutheran Cemetery.

Following his marriage to Alice Elmira Larosch (1872-1901) in 1894, Daniel and Sarah’s son, Robert Stephen Gackenbach (1868-1952), settled with her in the western district of North Whitehall Township in Lehigh County. Together, they welcomed the births of: Ralph Edgar Gackenbach (1895-1952), who was born in Fogelsville on 11 February 1895 and later became a sheet metal worker at the Philadelphia Navy Yard and the husband of Minerva Margaret Demmerich (1895-1981); Helen Sarah Gackenbach (1899-1981), who was born in Fogelsville on 12 July 1899 and later worked at the restaurant of Hess’s Department Store in Allentown; and Miriam Jennie Gackenbach (1900-1968), who was born in Siegersville, Lehigh County and later wed Charles W. Beck 1906-2001). Widowed early by his wife, Alice, who passed away at the age of twenty-eight in Lehigh County on 21 March 1901, he then wed Louisa (Bartholomew) Laub (1864-1936). A tinsmith like his father, he was residing in Fullerton, Lehigh County with his second wife, Louisa, and his three children from his first marriage by 1909, and worked for the Universal-Atlas Cement Company. Retired by the mid-1930s, he suffered a severe fall on 2 April 1952, while standing on a ladder to prune a tree at the Allentown home of his daughter, Miriam. Treated for his injuries, he was brought back to his daughter’s home to recover, but died there at the age of eighty-three on 29 June 1952. Following funeral services, Robert Stephen Gackenbach was buried at the Jordan Reformed Church Cemetery in Allentown.

Maggie Gackenbach, Daniel Gackenbach’s first child with his second wife, Jane (Keiper) Gackenbach, lived with her mother for much of her life and never married. Employed as a servant in 1900, she was then unemployed for a number of years, according to federal census records between 1910 and 1940. By 1940, she was residing at the Allentown home of her sister, Anna (Gackenbach) Hawk, where she continued to live in 1950, when she was described as a “sewing machine operator.” Ailing with heart disease and diagnosed as senile during her final years, she received medical care at the Allentown State Hospital in Allentown, where she died at the age of eighty-four on 13 December 1955. She was then also laid to rest at the Jordan Lutheran Cemetery in Orefield.

Following his marriage to Lillie A. Dalrymple, Daniel and Jane Gackenbach’s son, William Harrison Gackenbach, settled with his wife in the western district of North Whitehall Township in Lehigh County, where they welcomed the births of: Esther Jane Gackenbach (1895-1992), who was born in Schnecksville on 5 May 1895 and later wed George Enoch Phillips (1886-1955) and became the co-owner of Phillips Photo in Allentown; Harry Daniel Gackenbach (1897-1974), who was born in Orefield on 9 April 1897 and later became a machinist who wed and was widowed by Lydia M. Merkle (1894-1960), before marrying Ruth Oswald (1917-1968); Eva Sarah Gackenbach (1899-1990), who was born in Orefield in November 1899, known to family and friends as “Eve” and later wed Franklin L. Frack (1899-1981), before marrying James A. Ransom (1894-1969); Mame A. Gackenbach (1902-1983), who was born in Siegersville on 4 March 1902 and later became a stenographer before marrying Harold James Ziegler (1904-1977); Purl Benjamin Gackenbach (1904-1991), who was born in Allentown on 15 January 1904 and later wed Elizabeth Ida Doney (1907-1984) and settled with her in Allentown, where they raised their family prior to migrating west to Elkhart, Indiana (circa 1950), to Colorado Springs, Colorado (later that same decade) and then to Los Angeles County, California (by the early 1980s); Myrtle A. Gackenbach (1907-1992), who was born in Siegersville on 2 February 1907 and later wed and was widowed by William J. Jones (1901-1961), before marrying John E. Sowden (1914-1972); Roy Raymond Gackenbach (1909-1985), who was born in Schnecksville on 13 September 1909 and later became the husband of Myrtle F. Hering and an employee of the Phoenix Forge in Catasauqua; and Stanley W. Gackenbach (1913-1986), who was born on 13 May 1913 and later became an electrician with International Minerals and Chemicals Associates in South Whitehall Township, Lehigh County and the husband of Gladys D. Wright (1913-1974). A cement company worker like his brother, Robert, William H. Gackenbach then became a realtor circa 1920. Ailing with heart disease during his later years, he suffered a heart attack in Allentown on 1 February 1959, and died two hours later. Eighty years old at the time of his passing, he was also buried with other Gackenbach family members at the Jordan Lutheran Cemetery in Orefield.

Daniel and Jane Gackenbach’s daughter, Minnie E. Gackenbach, also never married but grew up to become a dressmaker, and lived with her mother for the remainder of her life — initially in Orefield and then at her mother’s home at 612 Tenth Street in the city of Allentown. Ailing with tuberculosis for the final fifteen years of her life, she died from tuberculosis-related complications at the age of fifty-two in Allentown on 16 May 1930, and was subsequently buried at the Jordan Lutheran Cemetery in Orefield.

Following her 1897 marriage to locomotive fireman Howard Urias Moyer, Daniel and Jane Gackenbach’s daughter, Kate M. (Gackenbach) Moyer, settled with him in the city of Easton in Northampton County, Pennsylvania, where they welcomed the birth of: Agnes L. Moyer (1903-1931), who was born on 27 February 1903 and later wed Raymond Osmun. By 1920, Katie and her husband were living in the Tenth Ward of Easton, where her husband was employed as a grinder at a rail plant. Residing with them were their daughter, Agnes, and son-in-law, Raymond, who was employed as a trolley conductor. Still living in Easton’s Tenth Ward in 1930, Agnes and her husband were “empty nesters” who lived on the wages that Howard Moyer earned as a boiler fireman at the Easton Hospital. Tragedy then struck the Gackenbach-Moyer family when Katie’s daughter, Agnes (Moyer) Osmun, died from childbirth-related complications at the age of twenty-eight at the Easton Hospital on 1 October 1931. As a result, Agnes’s children, Howard R. Osmun (1920-1983) and Edward Russ Osmun (1921-1995), were taken in by Katie and her husband. According to the  federal census, they both still lived with her in 1940. Ailing with heart disease in her later years, Kate (Gackenbach) Moyer suffered a stroke in late September 1927 and died at the Allentown Hospital in Allentown on 21 September 1957. Seventy-eight years old at the time of her passing, she was also buried at Allentown’s Greenwood Cemetery.

Daniel and Jane Gackenbach’s son, Reuben J. Gackenbach, grew up to become a machinist at the Lehigh Portland Cement Company. Never married, he suffered from heart disease during his final years, and was still just in his mid-forties when he died from acute dilation of the heart after falling ill with pneumonia. Following his passing at the New Castle Hospital in New Castle, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, his remains were returned to Lehigh County for burial at the Jordan Lutheran Cemetery in Orefield.

Daniel and Jane Gackenbach’s son, Edwin N. Gackenbach, “was educated in the public schools and lived upon the farm” of his father “until he was nineteen years old,” according to Lehigh County historian Charles Rhoads Roberts.

He came to Allentown in 1906 and accepted a position with the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., as agent. One year later he resigned this position to become the assistant superintendent of the Colonial Life Insurance Co., at Reading. The following year (1909) he accepted a responsible position with the Travelers Insurance Co., Hartford, Connecticut, with the Allentown Branch Office, and in this connection he handled real estate about Allentown until in 1910 he resigned his position with the Insurance Co. to devote all his time to the real estate business. He organized the Security Realty Company, which ha[d] a capitalization of $200,000 [in 1914]. He served as the secretary and treasurer until 1911. The following year he was elected vice president and treasurer and he served these offices until in May, 1913, when he became the president. He also chartered the Wenz Marble Co., of Kutztown, which ha[d] a capitalization og $200,000 [in 1914]. This company located its works in Allentown the spring of 1913, and they employ sixty men. He is the secretary of this company. Mr. Gackenbach, though young, has displayed great foresight and marked business and executive ability, and the corporations with which he is connected are successful. 

He was married on Jan. 25, 1908, to Louisa M. Wehr, a daughter of Ludwig and Annie (Keiser) Wehr, a farmer of South Whitehall. They have one son — Russell L. D. Gackenbach.

Following her marriage to George S. Hawk, Daniel and Jane Gackenbach’s daughter, Anna B. (Gackenbach) Hawk, continued to reside with her mother in Allentown, where her husband was employed as a draftsman by an electric light company. Employed as a public school teacher in 1920, Anna (Gackenbach) Hawk left the profession sometime before 1930 and subsequently devoted herself to making a home for herself and her husband and her unmarried sister, Maggie Gackenbach. After a long life, Anna suffered an episode of apoplexy and died at the home she had inherited from her mother, at 612 North Tenth Street in Allentown. Eighty-three years old at the time of her passing on 19 March 1972, she was also interred at the Greenwood Cemetery in Allentown.

 

Sources:

1. “A Mournful Affliction” (news report regarding the deaths of two of Daniel H. Gackenbach’s daughters from diphtheria and the illness of six other members of his family with diphtheria), and “Four Deaths in One Family From Diphtheria” (news report regarding the deaths from diphtheria of family members of Captain Charles Mickley, the commanding officer of the 47th Pennsylvania’s G Company who was killed during the Battle of Pocotaligo, South Carolina in 1862). Allentown, Pennsylvania: The Allentown Democrat, 30 October 1889.
2. “Anna B. Hawk” (a daughter of Daniel H. Gackenbach and his second wife, Jane), in Death Certificates (file no.: 29082, date of death: 19 March 1972). Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Health, Bureau of Vital Statistics.
3. Bates, Samuel P. History of Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861-5, vol. 1. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: B. Singerly, State Printer, 1869.
4. “Bought Gackenbach Farm” (the sale of Daniel H. Gackenbach’s farm by his executors to Thomas L. Sherer). Allentown, Pennsylvania: The Allentown Democrat, 21 September 1909.
5. “Catasauquan Dies as a Result of Fall Injuries” (obituary of Robert Stephen Gackenbach, a son of Daniel H. Gackenbach and his first wife, Sarah). Allentown, Pennsylvania: The Morning Call, 30 June 1952.
6. Charles A. Gackenbach (the first-born child of Daniel H. Gackenbach and his first wife, Sarah), in Death Certificates (file no.: 24411, registered no.: 11, date of death: 6 March 1947). Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Health, Bureau of Vital Statistics.
7. “Daniel Gackenbach Dead at His Home Near Siegersville.” Allentown, Pennsylvania: The Allentown Leader, 29 July 1909. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Health, Bureau of Vital Statistics.
8. Daniel H. Gackenbach, in Death Certificates (file no.: 62443, registered no.: 113, date of death: 29 July 1909). Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Health, Bureau of Vital Statistics.
9. Elenora Levan (a daughter of Daniel H. Gackenbach and his first wife, Sarah), in Death Certificates (file no.: 59092, registered no.: 22, date of death: 16 June 1936). Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Health, Bureau of Vital Statistics.
10. “Esther J. Phillips, owned Phillips Photo, Allentown” (obituary of a granddaughter of Daniel H. Gackenbach and a daughter of William Harrison Gackenbach). Allentown, Pennsylvania: The Morning Call, 13 August 1992.
11. “Executors’ Sale of Valuable Real Estate!” (sales of Daniel H. Gackenbach’s farm and personal property). Allentown, Pennsylvania: The Morning Call, 30 August 1909 and 17 September 1909.
12. “Funeral of Daniel H. Gackenbach.” Allentown, Pennsylvania: The Allentown Leader, 2 August 1909.
13. Gachenbach [sic, “Gackenbach], Daniel, Jane E., Ellenora, Howard E., Robert S., Maggie, Willie H., Minnie E., Katey M.; and Ebert, Frank (servant), in U.S. Census (North Whitehall Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, 1880). Washington, D.C. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
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24. Gackenbach, Jane E. (Daniel H. Gackenbach’s second wife and widow), Maggie and Minnie (daughters of Jane (Keiper) Gackenbach and Daniel H. Gackenbach); and Hawk, Anna B. (a daughter of Jane (Keiper) Gackenbach and Daniel H. Gackenbach), and George S. (Anna’s husband), in U.S. Census (Allentown, Eighth Ward, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, 1930). Washington, D.C.: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
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28. Gackenbach, Robert (a son of Daniel H. Gackenbach and his first wife, Sarah), Louise (Robert’s second wife), Ralph, Ellen and Miriam (children of Robert and his first wife, Alice), in U.S. Census (Whitehall Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, 1910). Washington, D.C.: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
29. Gackenbach, Robert (a son of Daniel H. Gackenbach and his first wife, Sarah), Louise (Robert’s second wife), Ralph, Ellen and Miriam (children of Robert and his first wife, Alice), in U.S. Census (West Catasauqua, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, 1920). Washington, D.C.: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
30. Gackenbach, Wm. H. (a son of Daniel H. Gackenbach and his second wife, Jane), Lillie A., Esther J., Harry D., Eva S., Mamie A., Purl B., Myrtle A., and Roy R., in U.S. Census (North Whitehall Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, 1910). Washington, D.C.: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
31. Gackenbach, Wm. H. (a son of Daniel H. Gackenbach and his second wife, Jane), Lillie A. Harry D., Mamie A., Pearl B. [sic, “Purl Benjamin”], Myrtle A., Roy R., and Stanley W., in U.S. Census (North Whitehall Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, 1920). Washington, D.C.: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
32. Gagenbach [sic, “Gackenbach”], Daniel, Jane E., Maggie V., Minnie S., Kate, M., Reuben, Eddie, and Annie, in U.S. Census (North Whitehall Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, 1900). Washington, D.C.: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.e
33. Gagenbach [sic, “Gackenbach], Robert (a son of Daniel H. Gackenbach and his first wife, Sarah), Alice E., Ralph E., and Ellen S., in U.S. Census (Fogelsville, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, 1900). Washington, D.C.: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
34. Gagenbach [sic, ” Gackenbach”], William (a son of Daniel H. Gackenbach and his second wife, Jane), Lillie A., Esther A., Harry D., and Eva M., in U.S. Census (North Whitehall Township, Western District, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, 1900). Washington, D.C.: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
35. Gaggenbach [sic, “Gackenbach”], Daniel, Charles, Richard, Ellenora, Howard, and Robert; and Keiper, Jane (the housekeeper), in U.S. Census (Slatington, North Whitehall Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, 1870). Washington, D.C.: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
36. “Howard E. Gackenbach” (obituary of a son of Daniel H. Gackenbach). Allentown, Pennsylvania: The Morning Call, 20 March 1950.
37. Howard E. Gackenbach (a son of Daniel H. Gackenbach and his first wife, Sarah), in Death Certificates (file no.: 22815, registered no.: 14, date of death: 19 March 1950). Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Health, Bureau of Vital Statistics.
38. Jane E. Gackenbach (the second wife and widow of Daniel H. Gackenbach), in Death Certificates (file no.: 40537, registered no.: 451, date of death: 16 April 1932). Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Health, Bureau of Vital Statistics.
39. Kate M. Moyer (a daughter of Daniel H. Gackenbach), in Death Certificates (file no.: 81594, registered no.: 1416, date of death: 21 September 1957). Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Health, Bureau of Vital Statistics.
40. “Last Will and Testament of Daniel H. Gackenbach” (will and probate paperwork for the estate of Daniel Gackenbach’s father, 1909). Allentown, Pennsylvania: Clerk of the Orphans’ Court of Lehigh County.
41. Levan, Isaac L., Nora K. (a daughter of Daniel H. Gackenbach and his first wife, Sarah), Beulah M., Carrie C., and Alice A., in U.S. Census (North Whitehall Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, 1900). Washington, D.C.: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
42. Levan, Isaac L., Anora K. [sic, “Elnora”] (a daughter of Daniel H. Gackenbach and his first wife, Sarah), Beulah M., Carrie E., Alice A., and Allen J.; and Dengler, Joseph (boarder), in U.S. Census (North Whitehall Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, 1910). Washington, D.C.: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
43. “Merritt Gackenbach BIW Foreman, Dies” (obituary of a grandson of Daniel H. Gackenbach and a son of Richard C. Gackenbach). Portland, Maine: Portland Press Herald, 14 November 1946.
44. Minnie E. Gackenbach (a daughter of Daniel H. Gackenbach and his second wife, Jane), in Death Certificates (file no.: 51155, registered no.: 688, date of death: 16 May 1930). Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Health, Bureau of Vital Statistics.
45. “Miss Laura Gackenbach” (obituary of a granddaughter of Daniel H. Gackenbach and a daughter of Richard C. Gackenbach). Brunswick, Maine: The Times Record, 21 April 1956.
46. Moyer, Howard and Katie M. (a daughter of Daniel H. Gackenbach and his second wife, Jane), in U.S. Census (Easton, Northampton County, Pennsylvania, 1900). Washington, D.C.: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
47. Moyer, Howard, Katie M. (a daughter of Daniel H. Gackenbach and his second wife, Jane) and Agnes, in U.S. Census (Easton, Seventh Ward, Northampton County, Pennsylvania, 1910). Washington, D.C.: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
48. Moyer, Howard W., Katie M. (a daughter of Daniel H. Gackenbach and his second wife, Jane); and Osmun, Agnes (a granddaughter of Daniel Gackenbach and Katie’s daughter) and Raymond (Agnes’s husband), in U.S. Census (Easton, Tenth Ward, Northampton County, Pennsylvania, 1920). Washington, D.C.: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
49. Moyer, Howard W. and Katie M. (a daughter of Daniel H. Gackenbach and his second wife, Jane), in U.S. Census (Easton, Tenth Ward, Northampton County, Pennsylvania, 1930). Washington, D.C.: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
50. Moyer, Howard W. and Katie M. (a daughter of Daniel H. Gackenbach and his second wife, Jane); and Osmun, Howard and Edward (Katie’s grandsons and the sons of Agnes (Moyer) Osmun), in U.S. Census (Easton, Tenth Ward, Northampton County, Pennsylvania, 1940). Washington, D.C.: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
51. “Mrs. Amelia Gackenbach” (obituary of Daniel H. Gackenbach’s daughter-in-law and the first wife of Charles A. Gackenbach). Allentown, Pennsylvania: The Morning Call, 15 February 1904.
52. “Mrs. Jane Gackenbach Dies in Her 81st Year” (obituary of Daniel H. Gackenbach’s second wife). Allentown, Pennsylvania: The Morning Call, 17 April 1932.
53. “Mrs. Leah Baer” (obituary of a granddaughter of Daniel H. Gackenbach and a daughter of Howard E. Gackenbach). Allentown, Pennsylvania: The Morning Call, 30 October 1982.
54. “Obituary: Mrs. Alice Gackenbach” (a daughter-in-law of Daniel H. Gackenbach and the wife of Richard C. Gackenbach). Bath, Maine: The Bath Daily Times, 23 October 1929.
55. “President Roosevelt’s First Fireside Chat” (video). Washington, D.C.: C-SPAN, 13 March 2011 (original fireside chat broadcast: 12 March 1933).
56. “Public Sale of Valuable Farm Equipment” (the public sale by Thomas L. Sherer and Menno Rex of livestock and farming equipment previously owned by Daniel H. Gackenback). Allentown, Pennsylvania: The Morning Call, 17 March 1920.
57. “Ralph Gackenbach” (obituary of a grandson of Daniel H. Gackenbach and a son of Robert S. Gackenbach). Allentown, Pennsylvania: The Morning Call, 22 December 1950.
58. Reuben Joseph Gackenbach (a son of Daniel Gackenbach and his second wife, Jane), in Death Certificates (file no.: 41846, registered no.: 234, date of death: 7 April 1927). Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Health, Bureau of Vital Statistics.
59. “Richard Gackenbach: Long Time Foreman at Bath Iron Works and One of Most Respected Citizens Dies” (obituary of a son of Daniel H. Gackenbach). Bath, Maine: The Bath Daily Times, 16 August 1943.
60. Roberts, Charles Rhoads and Rev. John Baer Stoudt, et. al. History of Lehigh County Pennsylvania and a Genealogical and Biographical Record of Its Families, vol. 2, pp. 408-410 “Gackenbach Family”). Allentown, Pennsylvania: Lehigh Valley Publishing Company, 1914.
61. “The Great Depression: 1929-1941, in Federal Reserve History. St. Louis, Missouri: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2013.
62. Thomas L. Sherer (the winning purchaser of Daniel H. Gackenbach’s farm in 1909), in “Personal.” Allentown, Pennsylvania: The Allentown Democrat, 20 March 1917.
63. Verhovek, Kendall. “The 19th Amendment, Explained.” New York, New York, Brennan Center for Justice, 3 March 2025.
64. William H. Gackenbach (a son of Daniel H. Gackenbach and his second wife, Jane), in Death Certificates (file no.: 15140, registered no.: 200, date of death: 1 February 1959). Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Health, Bureau of Vital Statistics.